tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20579142972690462602024-02-20T13:38:31.971-08:00copernikaTo share with readers some basic knowledge on Psychology as a science, especially an online course about Psychology on the XXI CenturyInes Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.comBlogger73125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-71019510467853745512021-05-06T10:23:00.000-07:002021-05-06T10:23:06.241-07:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna, Nobel prize in Chemistry 2020<p> </p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-goes-to-discovery-of-genetic-scissors-called-crispr-cas911/" target="_blank">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-goes-to-discovery-of-genetic-scissors-called-crispr-cas911/</a><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-22535086542758055312021-04-16T15:10:00.002-07:002021-04-16T15:10:58.165-07:00women who have changed the art world<p><br /></p><p>Here are 20 female artists that you need to know, because their work changed the art world:</p><p><a href="https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/g7916/best-female-artists/" target="_blank">https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/g7916/best-female-artists/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.elle.com/es/living/ocio-cultura/a35784996/cuadros-pintados-mujeres-famosos-museos/?fbclid=IwAR1TSBg_tqyPJKZ4eKmRPctbrfoYLzkDBktkCuLQzUzeZy2-77Z7MMY6g38" target="_blank">https://www.elle.com/es/living/ocio-cultura/a35784996/cuadros-pintados-mujeres-famosos-museos/?fbclid=IwAR1TSBg_tqyPJKZ4eKmRPctbrfoYLzkDBktkCuLQzUzeZy2-77Z7MMY6g38</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-37292647365850793202021-03-26T13:22:00.000-07:002021-03-26T13:22:19.350-07:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: Octavia E. Butler<p> </p><p>"<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Octavia Estelle Butler was inspired to write science fiction after watching a schlocky B-movie,</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i3EtvSjx9A" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;"><i style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Devil Girl from Mars</i></a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">. She was twelve years old and thought: “</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rV6vRGQQ45I" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Geez, I can write a better story than that</a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">.”</span></p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Her mother did domestic work, an experience that would shape Butler’s writing. “I was around sometimes when people talked about [my mother] as if she were not there, and I got to watch her going in back doors and generally being treated in a way that made me… I spent a lot of my childhood being ashamed of what she did,” Butler remembered <a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2931654?mag=how-octavia-e-butler-became-a-legend" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">in a 1991 interview</a> with the journal <em style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Callaloo</em>. She would later attempt to resolve these feelings in her most popular novel, <i style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Kindred</i>.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Despite her dyslexia, the young Butler read voraciously. “I read a lot of science fiction with absolutely no discrimination when I was growing up—I mean, good, bad, or awful [laughs]. It didn’t matter,” she said <a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4240538?mag=how-octavia-e-butler-became-a-legend" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">in a 1996 interview</a> published in <em style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Science Fiction Studies</em>. She devoured everything from Theodore Sturgeon to Robert A. Heinlein to <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/ray-bradbury-on-war-recycling-and-artificial-intelligence/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Ray Bradbury</a>.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">She began trying to sell her science fiction writing when she was thirteen. “I didn’t know what good writing was frankly, and I didn’t have any particular talent for writing so I copied a lot of the old pulp writers in the way I told a story,” Butler told <em style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Callaloo</em>. “Gradually I learned that that wasn’t the way I wanted to write.”</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Of course, the world of science fiction was (and still is) dominated by white, male authors. Instead, “<a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25746438?mag=how-octavia-e-butler-became-a-legend" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Butler approached [science fiction] askance</a>, choosing to write self-consciously as an African American woman marked by a particular history,” write literary scholars De Witt Douglas Kilgore and Ranu Samantrai.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">In 1969, she was discovered by well-known science fiction writer Harlan Ellison at a screenwriting workshop in Los Angeles. “Harlan [wrote] that she wasn’t a very good screenwriter, which doesn’t surprise me much,” <a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25746443?mag=how-octavia-e-butler-became-a-legend" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">recalled friend and fellow sci-fi writer Vonda McIntyre</a>. “Her subjects and ideas and expressions were deep and complex. Screenplays have strengths, but ‘deep’ and ‘complex’ aren’t high on that list.” Nevertheless, Ellison recommended Butler for the Clarion Science Fiction Writers Workshop.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">After leaving the workshop, Butler sold two short stories (one to Ellison). “I thought I was off, I thought I was a writer,” said <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG68v0RGHsY" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Butler in a 2003 interview</a>. “I didn’t sell another word for five years.”</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">She held menial day jobs “to keep her head above water,” writes McIntyre. “Then she would get up early in the morning—two or three o’clock—and write before going to work.”</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Then, in 1976, Butler finally sold her first novel, <em style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Patternmaster</em>. She spent the next few decades growing her audience, which was split between science fiction devotees, Black fans, and feminists. Her books grew more and more successful, especially after she became the first science fiction writer to receive the MacArthur “Genius Grant” in 1995.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Though she passed away in 2006, Butler <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/when-science-fiction-becomes-real-octavia-e-butlers-legacy/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">continues to inspire writers and scientists today</a>. NASA recently paid tribute to her influence by <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/mar/10/perseverance-martian-landing-point-named-after-octavia-e-butler" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">naming the Mars rover’s touchdown site Octavia E. Butler Landing</a>. After decades of writing and teaching, Butler’s work has now become “an essential part of what we mean when we speak of science fiction,” write Kilgore and Samantrai. “That is a measure of immortality"."</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/how-octavia-e-butler-became-a-legend/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter" target="_blank">https://daily.jstor.org/how-octavia-e-butler-became-a-legend/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter</a><br /></p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/when-science-fiction-becomes-real-octavia-e-butlers-legacy/" target="_blank">https://daily.jstor.org/when-science-fiction-becomes-real-octavia-e-butlers-legacy/</a><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-13170011506034640392021-03-18T15:25:00.001-07:002021-03-18T15:25:38.942-07:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: SHARON PEACOCK<p> </p><p>"<span style="color: #313132; font-family: freight-book, serif; font-size: 21px;">Sharon Peacock, one of the world’s top scientific warriors in the battle with the 0.0001-millimetre virus that causes COVID-19, had to fight a much more personal battle inside Britain’s education system to rise to the top.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #313132; font-family: freight-book, serif; font-size: 21px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 30px 0px 30px 7vw; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">Peacock, 61, is a globally recognised virus hunter: COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK), which she set up a year ago as the pandemic swept towards Britain, has sequenced nearly half of all the novel coronavirus genomes so far mapped around the world.</p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #313132; font-family: freight-book, serif; font-size: 21px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 30px 0px 30px 7vw; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">Her life story is a song to meritocracy and an illustration of how the quiet kindness of strangers can change the fate of a young life.</p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #313132; font-family: freight-book, serif; font-size: 21px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 30px 0px 30px 7vw; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">But it is also a tale of how the British educational system almost overlooked the talents of a young woman who would become a distinguished Cambridge professor of microbiology and put her country at the leading edge of sequencing a virus that has sown personal and economic devastation across the planet."</p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #313132; font-family: freight-book, serif; font-size: 21px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 30px 0px 30px 7vw; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-britain-peacock-ne-idUSKBN2BA25Q?taid=6053bf5aa8e0d30001b4bf3f&utm_campaign=trueanthem&utm_medium=trueanthem&utm_source=twitter" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-britain-peacock-ne-idUSKBN2BA25Q?taid=6053bf5aa8e0d30001b4bf3f&utm_campaign=trueanthem&utm_medium=trueanthem&utm_source=twitter</a><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-43760530293943105742021-03-15T15:29:00.001-07:002021-03-15T15:29:59.680-07:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: MARY RITTER BEARD<p> </p><p>"<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">“Women have been a force in making all the history that has ever been made,” wrote Mary Ritter Beard in 1931, over half a century before the first presidential proclamation of</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> </span><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/dispatches-beginning-womens-history/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Women’s History Week</a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">(as it was first called). Beard called not just for including women in history, but for expanding the very idea of history itself: “the narrative of history must be reopened, must be widened to take in the whole course of civilization.” As scholar Margaret Smith Crocco shows,</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> </span><a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/494178?mag=mary-beard-and-the-beginning-of-womens-history" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Mary Beard fought hard for that expansion</a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">“Mary Beard introduced previously ignored factors of the past by reconfiguring labor history, political history, and cultural history through reexamining women’s role as civilization builders from ancient through modern times,” Crocco argues.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Mary Ritter, born in 1876, married Charles Austin Beard in 1900. They became a powerhouse Progressive Era couple. He was one of the most famous American historians of the first half of the century, revolutionizing the interpretation of the American Revolution. She was a <a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1011978?mag=mary-beard-and-the-beginning-of-womens-history" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">suffragist</a>, a historian in her own right, and a pioneering archivist instrumental in gathering the records of women’s history.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">The Beards’ jointly authored books included textbooks and Book-of-the-Month Club selections, widely read beyond academic circles. They collaborated on “colossal” multivolume works, working together without a telephone in their home in Connecticut and then, in winter, out of hotels in Washington, D.C., so as to have access to the Library of Congress. Despite Charles Beard’s “emphatic insistence on the shared nature of their scholarship,” these books were often attributed solely to him. Crocco notes that Charles would also demand that the publisher not use blurbs from reviewers who refused to recognize the fact of dual authorship.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">In addition to her collaborations with Charles, Mary Beard’s own major works—<i style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Women’s Work in Municipalities</i> (1915), <i style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">America through Women’s Eyes</i> (1933), and <i style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Women as Force in History: A Study of Traditions and Realities</i> (1946)—were foundational for the next generation of women historians. Gerda Lerner, “viewed by many as matriarch to the women’s historians emerging in the seventies,” said of <i style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Women as Force</i>, “I was struck, as by a sudden illumination, by the simplicity and truth of her insight.”</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Mary Beard was “marginalized both figuratively and literally as a woman who chose to work outside the institutions that would have given her efforts authority and legitimacy,” Crocco writes, adding in conclusion that Beard’s “call for a truly liberatory feminism and emancipatory forms of education for both men and women continues to define the boundaries of the culture’s imagination.”</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/mary-beard-and-the-beginning-of-womens-history/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter" target="_blank">https://daily.jstor.org/mary-beard-and-the-beginning-of-womens-history/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter</a><br /></p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-25994719388041588882021-03-07T12:43:00.000-08:002021-03-07T12:43:03.363-08:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: GREAT WOMEN PAINTERS ALMOST NEVER INVITED TO EXHIBIT<p> </p><p>"Even for an artist like Berthe Morisot, who had family support and would achieve great success with her work, dedicating her life to painting was a huge sacrifice: deviating from the prescribed role as wife and mother would cost her dearly in her personal life .</p><p>Even her fellow painters looked at her with disdain: Morisot was banned from the impressionist gatherings at the Café Guerbois and the Café de Batignolles.</p><p>There were two exceptions who did appreciate her effort to express the feminine vision through Art and her talent in capturing an atmosphere of light and delicacy, and transferring it to canvas:</p><p>The first was Edgar Degas, who as co-founder of the Impressionist Exhibitions invited her to exhibit from the first edition, in 1874!, And was key in the dissemination and success of her work.</p><p>The second was Claude Monet, who corresponded with her and treated her as equals, colleague to colleague." (Free translation)</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://galeriasdeartebarcelona.com/mujeres-pintoras/?fbclid=IwAR1FVaHopCkdaa36OsAZnC87FHbp9AMpy4WSdLVqoiv4DXBvb3JsLlyiXrs" target="_blank">https://galeriasdeartebarcelona.com/mujeres-pintoras/?fbclid=IwAR1FVaHopCkdaa36OsAZnC87FHbp9AMpy4WSdLVqoiv4DXBvb3JsLlyiXrs</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-46104929129040385812021-03-05T10:43:00.000-08:002021-03-05T10:43:05.701-08:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: MEDICINE STUDENTS ON XIXth CENTURY<p> </p><p><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); color: #0f1419; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">An Indian woman, a Japanese woman and a Syrian woman. All training to be doctors at Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia. 1885.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); color: #0f1419; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.pinimg.com/564x/b7/f5/a7/b7f5a7ef09da18296675a02fc2620c9f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="564" src="https://i.pinimg.com/564x/b7/f5/a7/b7f5a7ef09da18296675a02fc2620c9f.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); color: #0f1419; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><p></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-12216587490208585652021-02-23T11:35:00.000-08:002021-02-23T11:35:12.060-08:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: AFROAMERICAN HISTORIAN WOMEN<p><br /></p><p>" <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/black-history-month-editors-picks/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Black History Month</a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">is packed with reflections of figures from the past whose names have sometimes been long buried or ignored. But what about the historians who unearthed and preserved their stories to begin with?</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> </span><a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4134077?mag=black-women-have-written-history-for-over-a-century" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #ab0101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Many of them were women</a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">, writes Pero Gaglo Dagbovie—and they made critically important contributions to the field of history itself.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Dagbovie explores the work of Black women historians between 1890 and the mid-1950s. It was a time of dramatic change for Black Americans, who pushed forward into the academy and the professions despite social and financial barriers. Men saw opportunities before women, who were socialized to seek professional roles defined as feminine while they also faced the roadblock of racism. As a result, many Black women historians were unable to break into academia.</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">That doesn’t mean they didn’t find ways to hone their education and expertise. From self-taught historians to Progressive-era novelists to those who at last did receive professional training and doctorates, Dagbovie characterizes history’s Black women as dynamic and driven."</p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/black-women-have-written-history-for-over-a-century/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source" target="_blank">https://daily.jstor.org/black-women-have-written-history-for-over-a-century/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source</a><br /></p><p style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><br /></p><aside class="pull-quote center" style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: adobe-caslon-pro, "Times New Roman", Georgia, serif; font-size: 45px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 30px 0px;"><div class="pull-quote__text tweetable" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/black-women-have-written-history-for-over-a-century/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter#" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; line-height: inherit; margin-left: -60px; outline: 0px; padding-right: 60px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">T</a></div></aside><p><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-18780321884663163042021-02-23T09:48:00.000-08:002021-02-23T09:48:19.726-08:00First known symphony ever composed by a British woman – Alice Mary Smith’s Symphony in C minor.<p> </p><p>Alice Mary Smith´s Symphony in C minor</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/alice-mary-smith-first-known-british-woman-compose-symphony/" target="_blank">https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/alice-mary-smith-first-known-british-woman-compose-symphony/</a><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-19325168173796664632021-02-11T16:09:00.001-08:002021-02-11T16:16:44.786-08:00February 11th, International Day of Women and Girls in Science <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Et8EEqLXEAQy4S7?format=jpg&name=medium" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="518" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Et8EEqLXEAQy4S7?format=jpg&name=medium" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-27955332013514954412021-02-09T11:02:00.000-08:002021-02-09T11:02:33.355-08:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: ROSA LUXEMBURG (1871-1919)<p> </p><p>"<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: futura-pt, sans-serif; font-size: 23px;">In this work, (The accumulation of capital,1913) Luxemburg sought to investigate the systemic conditions which made capitalist accumulation possible in the first place. Goods obviously had to be sold, to accumulate the profit that capitalists would reinvest to perpetuate the system. But, given the claims by Marx that capitalist production necessarily outstrips demand, she noticed that no incentive existed for capitalists to reinvest. Without reinvestment the system would collapse, so that an outlet for the profitable disposition of excess goods had to exist. That outlet she saw in terms of exports to pre- capitalist territories: in short, imperialism.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: futura-pt, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.4em;">Imperialism is subsequently neither a mere aberration of an otherwise healthy system, as reformers wished to believe, nor “the highest stage of capitalism” (Lenin). Luxemburg saw it as intrinsically connected with capitalism from the beginning. And yet, since the flow of capitalist goods into pre-capitalist areas would eventually transform them into industrial ones, it was also obvious to her that capitalism must create its own historical limit beyond which looms the spectre of “breakdown.” As for the interim, it will become marked by increasingly ferocious competition between advanced states for those steadily diminishing pre-capitalist territories. Militarism and nationalism will therefore grow in conjunction with the imperialism that capitalism engenders."</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: futura-pt, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.4em;"><a href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/luxemburg-rosa" target="_blank">https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/luxemburg-rosa</a><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: futura-pt, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.4em;"><br /></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-63863933347368351872021-02-07T13:31:00.000-08:002021-02-07T13:31:16.112-08:00WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: ANNIE MONTAGUE ALEXANDER, PALEONTOLOGIST (1867-1950)<p> </p><p>"<span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">In 1900, Annie Montague Alexander started attending paleontology lectures at the University of California at Berkeley. These talks changed her life. She fell in love with paleontology and didn’t miss a lecture for more than a year straight. Despite her keen interest in science, Alexander thought she wasn’t cut out for the minutiae of research. “</span><a class="jcitation" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4331435?mag=annie-m-alexander-paleontologist-and-silent-benefactor" style="background-color: #fefefe; box-sizing: inherit; color: #930101; cursor: pointer; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Plagued by migraines and problems with her eyes, [Alexander] realized at a relatively young age that she would never be able to do any sort of close, detailed work</a><span style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">,” writes Alexander’s biographer, biologist Barbara R. Stein. “Instead her financial competence, her influential nature, and her skill with a shotgun would all play pivotal roles in her life.”"</span></p><p><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/annie-m-alexander-paleontologist-and-silent-benefactor/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter" style="font-family: freight-sans-pro, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;" target="_blank">https://daily.jstor.org/annie-m-alexander-paleontologist-and-silent-benefactor/?utm_campaign=generalmarketing&utm_content=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter</a></p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-12248866378547026662020-12-25T10:26:00.000-08:002020-12-25T10:26:06.381-08:0025 fotografías de mujeres admirables que transformaron el Siglo XX<p> </p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://culturainquieta.com/es/lifestyle/item/15420-25-fotografias-de-mujeres-admirables-que-transformaron-el-s-xx.html" target="_blank">https://culturainquieta.com/es/lifestyle/item/15420-25-fotografias-de-mujeres-admirables-que-transformaron-el-s-xx.html</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Varias de estas mujeres son muy conocidas por la cultura occidental, pero otras no lo son tanto aunque hayan arriesgado mucho por defender sus valores.</p>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-42952544521468635132020-06-30T11:02:00.000-07:002020-06-30T11:02:00.482-07:00Acerca de Nicolás Copérnico<br />
"<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">El asombro llevó a Copérnico a observar, investigar, aprender y construir conocimiento, mientras afinaba una serie de competencias e informaciones que le permitieron presentar sus hallazgos de manera fundamentada y comprobable. Poco importa que todavía estuviera preso de un universo finito; que repitiese con Aristóteles la ausencia de cambios en la llamada esfera de la quinta esencia e inventase que los planetas se movían por rieles cristalinos; por la puerta que abrió Copérnico entraron Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Newton y todos los demás. Y sin embargo, lo valioso no fue tanto lo que descubrió, sino la metodología empleada: no realizó silogismos a partir de autoridades, sino que observó, elaboró una hipótesis, la expresó y comprobó matemáticamente, la publicó y la sometió a la consideración de otros.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;"> "</span><br />
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<a href="https://listindiario.com/puntos-de-vista/2020/06/30/624064/asombrarse-para-investigar-y-aprender" target="_blank">https://listindiario.com/puntos-de-vista/2020/06/30/624064/asombrarse-para-investigar-y-aprender</a>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-82828380020748141852020-06-25T10:16:00.003-07:002020-06-30T11:09:58.332-07:00MUJERES QUE CAMBIARON EL MUNDO: MARIE CURIE<div>
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Marie Curie es la única persona que ha ganado dos premios Nobel en dos categorías científicas diferentes: uno en Física y el otro en Química.<br />
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"<span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;">A la edad de 24 años, Marie Curie (entonces Marie Skłodowska) había emigrado desde Polonia, donde las mujeres no podían estudiar una carrera, y se matriculó en la universidad más famosa de Francia, la Sorbona. Devoraba una asignatura tras otra, apenas comía y vivía en una buhardilla sin calefacción.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bolder;"> Fue la primera de su promoción y al acabar conoció a su marido, el físico Pierre Curie,</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;">que también fue su pareja científica.</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bolder;">Marie descubrió que los rayos de Becquerel venían del interior de los átomos de uranio</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;">y que sólo otro elemento, el torio, emitía unos rayos parecidos. Entonces estudió los minerales de uranio y vio asombrada que uno de ellos, la</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;"> </span><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechblenda" rel="noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: #e9e9e9; box-sizing: border-box; color: #004481; cursor: pointer; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px; padding: 2px 5px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">pecblenda</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;">, era más radiactivo que si fuera uranio puro: su hipótesis fue que aquella roca contenía una cantidad mínima de</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Book; font-size: 17px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bolder;">algo desconocido y muy, muy radiactivo.</span><br />
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Pierre lo vio tan claro que abandonó sus propias investigaciones para centrarse en ayudar a Marie y, juntos, enseguida <span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-weight: bolder;">descubrieron dentro de la pecblenda dos nuevos elementos: el polonio y el radio</span>, a cada cual más radiactivo. Para obtenerlos en cantidad y poder estudiarlos, invirtieron sus ahorros en toneladas de pecblenda y las guardaron en un cobertizo prestado y con goteras. Allí se iban, al terminar su jornada de profesores, a<span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-weight: bolder;"> machacar y a deshacer con ácidos el mineral.</span> Era un trabajo duro, en medio de gases tóxicos y productos radiactivos cada vez más puros. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-weight: bolder;">Cinco años después, las toneladas de mineral se habían quedado en 0,1 gramos de sal de radio, tan radiactiva que brillaba en la oscuridad y les producía quemaduras.</span> Marie Curie ya podía presentar su <span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-weight: bolder;">tesis</span>, que fue la más rentable de la Historia, pues <span style="-webkit-text-stroke: 0.1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: BentonSansBBVA-Bold; font-weight: bolder;">le dio el título de doctora y además dos premios Nobel</span>: el primero ese mismo año (1903), compartido con Becquerel y su marido; y el segundo fue en solitario (1911), pues Pierre había fallecido cinco años antes atropellado por un coche de caballos."</div>
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ht<a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/ciencia/grandes-personajes/marie-curie-una-energia-inagotable/?utm_source=materia&utm_medium=twitter&tipo=elabora&cid=soc:afl:twt:----materia:--:::::::sitlnk:materia:" style="background-color: transparent;" target="_blank">tps://www.bbvaopenmind.com/ciencia/grandes-personajes/marie-curie-una-energia-inagotable/?utm_source=materia&utm_medium=twitter&tipo=elabora&cid=soc:afl:twt:----materia:--:::::::sitlnk:materia:</a></div>
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Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-36026579339433492422020-02-25T10:04:00.000-08:002020-02-25T10:04:09.779-08:00Women who changed the world: Katherine Johnson (1918-2020)<br />
Katherine Johnson, NASA pioneer African-American mathematician, is dead at 101 years old.<br />
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Katherine Johnson worked at the Langley Research Center (West Virginia) from 1953 to 1986. Her calculations allowed the United States to conquer the Moon.<br />
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NASA paid tribute to the scientist: "She was a hero of America, a pioneer whose legacy will never be forgotten," wrote James Bridenstine, head of the US space agency.<br />
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The career of this great figure among black Americans inspired the film The Hidden Figures, released in 2016, adapted from the book by Margot Lee Shetterly, which recounted the all too often overlooked contribution of black women in the American conquest of the 'space.<br />
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The scientist had remained relatively unknown until President Barack Obama awarded her, in 2015, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the highest civilian distinctions in the United States.<br />
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A graduate in mathematics, Katherine Johnson joined the American space program - the future NASA - in 1953, and had the primary task of controlling the work of her superiors using calculations.<br />
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At that time, racial segregation was still in effect in the United States, and the scientist was working as a "colored computer" with dozens of other black mathematicians, away from their white colleagues. It was not until 1958 that his team was integrated into other NASA divisions, to be part of the first manned space flight program in the United States.<br />
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During her three-decade career with the space agency, Katherine Johnson developed crucial equations that enabled the United States to send astronauts into orbit and to the Moon, formulas still used in contemporary aerospace science. In particular, she calculated the trajectories of Apollo-11, the historic mission that made Neil Armstrong the first man to walk on the Moon in 1969.<br />
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Free translation from: <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2020/02/24/katherine-johnson-la-mathematicienne-pionniere-de-la-nasa-est-morte-a-l-age-de-101-ans_6030688_1650684.html?xtor=EPR-32280629-[a-la-une]-20200225-[zone_edito_1_titre_3]" target="_blank">https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2020/02/24/katherine-johnson-la-mathematicienne-pionniere-de-la-nasa-est-morte-a-l-age-de-101-ans_6030688_1650684.html?xtor=EPR-32280629-[a-la-une]-20200225-[zone_edito_1_titre_3]</a>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-30623602657794090242019-05-28T09:30:00.002-07:002019-05-28T09:30:43.530-07:00Women who changed the world: Women Artists<br />
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"<span style="background-color: white; color: #888888; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Focusing on fifty diverse women artists from Artemisia Gentileschi through Judy Chicago, Ana Mendieta, and the Guerrilla Girls to Barbara Kruger, Cindy Sherman, and Mona Hatoum, this book equips readers with an understanding of feminist art, as well as an appreciation of its most important figures. This latest addition to the Art Essentials series documents women artists in context to offer readers a rich understanding of key female artists from the Baroque to the present day."</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #888888; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="https://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/books/women-artists-softcover" target="_blank">https://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/books/women-artists-softcover</a></span>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-82138334713615444132019-05-09T11:14:00.000-07:002019-05-09T11:14:49.319-07:00Women who changed the world<br />
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25 photos of very brave women<br />
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<a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/beatrizserranomolina/fotografias-historia-mujeres?utm_term=.re9x40dMA&ref=mobile_share&fbclid=IwAR17SyI1A_RhyrK2o67Tk5SPQrtDe1O-h6HiCtTgfVRzdgrf_GQdhLe3kZE" target="_blank">https://www.buzzfeed.com/beatrizserranomolina/fotografias-historia-mujeres?utm_term=.re9x40dMA&ref=mobile_share&fbclid=IwAR17SyI1A_RhyrK2o67Tk5SPQrtDe1O-h6HiCtTgfVRzdgrf_GQdhLe3kZE</a>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-54896335261358472712019-04-18T11:07:00.002-07:002019-04-18T11:07:57.173-07:00Women who changed the world in many different fields <br />
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Discover Unprecedented Women and their Unparalleled Achievements: Meet them</h1>
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<a href="https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/</a></div>
Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-6151261546922128522019-04-18T11:00:00.001-07:002019-04-18T11:00:17.391-07:00Women who changed the world: Sirimavo Bandaranaike<br />
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 700;">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;">, in full</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 700;">Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;">, also called</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 700;">Sirimavo R.D. Bandaranaike</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;">, (born April 17, 1916, Ratnapura, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]—died October 10, 2000, Colombo, Sri Lanka), stateswoman who, upon her party’s victory in the 1960 general election in Ceylon (later Sri Lanka), became the world’s first woman prime minister. She left office in 1965 but returned to serve two more terms (1970–77, 1994–2000) as prime minister. The family she founded with her husband,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;"> </span><a class="extlink" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/S-W-R-D-Bandaranaike" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #900096; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; transition: color 0.1s ease-in 0s;">S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b3234; font-family: Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em;">, rose to great prominence in Sri Lankan politics.</span><br />
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Born into a wealthy family, she married the politician S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike in 1940 and began to interest herself in social welfare. After her husband, who became prime minister in 1956, was assassinated in 1959, she was induced by his Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) to become the party’s leader. The SLFP won a decisive victory at the general election in July 1960, and she became prime minister.</div>
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<a href="https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/sirimavo-bandaranaike/?utm_source=Social&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=100%20Women&utm_term=Consumer&utm_content=Biography" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/sirimavo-bandaranaike/?utm_source=Social&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=100%20Women&utm_term=Consumer&utm_content=Biography</a>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-5530497240031084172019-04-10T12:23:00.001-07:002019-04-10T12:23:35.972-07:00Women who changed the world: Agnes Headlam-Morley<br />
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"<span style="background-color: white; color: #004762; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Agnes Headlam-Morley was the first woman to become a full Professor at the University of Oxford. She held the Montagu Burton Chair in International Relations between 1948-1971. An historian of Anglo-German relations and one-time would-be Tory MP, at Oxford she was a famed salon hostess and College woman. </span><br />
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T<span style="background-color: white; color: #004762; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">he most significant and interesting international relations scholarship today is being conducted by the heirs to those who broke from diplomatic history to forge a new discipline of IR (International Relations). Indeed, such work is just, if not more, likely to be pursued by the heirs to Agnes Headlam-Morley, and indeed Merze Tate: contemporary practitioners of the new international and global history.</span><br />
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Historians have long moved away from the study of diplomatic relations, narrowly conceived, towards the historical understanding of international and global dynamics, working with the many thematic, conceptual and theoretical moves that IR scholars import."</div>
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<a href="https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/whit/2019/04/10/on-the-heirs-to-agnes-headlam-morley/" target="_blank">https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/whit/2019/04/10/on-the-heirs-to-agnes-headlam-morley/</a></div>
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Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-1410449879071158922019-04-10T11:20:00.000-07:002019-04-10T12:27:04.788-07:00Leverhulme Project on Women and the History of International Thought.<br />
"<span style="background-color: white; color: #004762; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Welcome to the website of the Leverhulme Project on Women and the History of International Thought.</span><br />
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This collaborative and multi-disciplinary four-year project (2018-2022), generously funded by the Leverhulme Trust, is the first sustained attempt to write historical women back into the history of international thought and the academic discipline of International Relations (IR).</div>
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The history of international thought has recently experienced a remarkable resurgence. Yet there is a serious lack of engagement with historical women as producers of international thought or founders of the academic study of international relations."</div>
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<a href="https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/whit/" target="_blank">https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/whit/</a></div>
Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-55165304920438468332019-03-19T12:11:00.000-07:002019-03-19T12:11:32.198-07:00Women who changed the world: Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck, American mathemathician.<br />
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Abel Prize: American professor is first woman to win prestigious math award</h1>
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Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck of the University of Texas at Austin wins one of the world’s most prestigious mathematics awards.</div>
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<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/mar/19/american-professor-first-woman-wins-abel-prize-math" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/mar/19/american-professor-first-woman-wins-abel-prize-math</a></div>
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<img alt="Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck, winner of the Abel prize, photographed in front of a blackboard" class="figure__image" data-src="//media.nature.com/w800/magazine-assets/d41586-019-00932-1/d41586-019-00932-1_16558998.jpg" src="https://media.nature.com/w800/magazine-assets/d41586-019-00932-1/d41586-019-00932-1_16558998.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-weight: 400; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></div>
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<span class="mr10" style="margin-right: 10px;">Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck won the Abel prize for her fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics.</span>Credit: Andrea Kane/IAS</div>
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US mathematician Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck has won the 2019 Abel Prize — one of the field’s most prestigious awards — for her wide-ranging work in analysis, geometry and mathematical physics. Uhlenbeck is the first woman to win the 6-million-kroner (US$702,500) prize, which is given out by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, since it was first awarded in 2003.</div>
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<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00932-1" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00932-1</a></div>
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Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-33377605732004141752018-10-05T14:50:00.000-07:002018-10-05T14:50:39.320-07:00Women who changed the world: Maya Lin, American sculptor and architect<br />
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Maya Lin</h1>
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AMERICAN SCULPTOR AND ARCHITECT</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">WRITTEN BY: </span><ul style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #106596; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></li>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">LAST UPDATED: </span><time datetime="2018-10-01" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Oct 1, 2018</time> <a data-type="accordion-link" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maya-Lin#accordion-article-history" rel="nofollow" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #106596; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">See Article History</a></div>
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<article class="content" id="article-content" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(8, 68, 102); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 6px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section data-level="1" id="ref1" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span id="ref667977" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span>Maya Lin</strong>, (born October 5, 1959, <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Athens-Ohio" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #106596; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Athens</a>, <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ohio-state" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #106596; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ohio</a>, U.S.), American architect and sculptor concerned with environmental themes who is best known for her design of the <span id="ref667978" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><a class="md-crosslink" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vietnam-Veterans-Memorial" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #106596; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a> in Washington, D.C</div>
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<a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maya-Lin" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maya-Lin</a></div>
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Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2057914297269046260.post-34930490171907584612018-09-10T09:13:00.000-07:002018-09-10T09:13:01.412-07:00Women who changed the world: Emilie du Chatelet<br />
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"<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #262626; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia; font-size: 22.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Émilie du Châtelet</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia; font-size: 22.5px;"> (December 17, 1706–September 10, 1749), born nineteen years after the publication of Newton’s revolutionary </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #262626; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia; font-size: 22.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Principia</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia; font-size: 22.5px;">, became besotted with science at the age of twelve and devoted the remainder of her life to the passionate quest for mathematical illumination. Although she was ineligible for academic training — it would be nearly two centuries until universities </span><a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2016/10/27/lise-meitner/" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(225, 155, 155); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #c33737; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia; font-size: 22.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">finally opened their doors to women</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia; font-size: 22.5px;"> — and was even excluded from the salons and cafés that served as the era’s informal epicenters of intellectual life, open only to men, Du Châtelet made herself into a formidable mathematician, a scholar of unparalleled rigor, and a pioneer of popular science."</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 22.5px;"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro, serif, Georgia;"><a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/01/03/emilie-du-chatelet-fable-of-the-bees-preface/" target="_blank">https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/01/03/emilie-du-chatelet-fable-of-the-bees-preface/</a></span></span>Ines Violeta Ortega Garciahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09690928263825130809noreply@blogger.com0