Saturday, April 22, 2017

WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: GERTRUDE BELL


"Gertrude Bell  was born in County Durham, England, in 1868, to an enormously wealthy industrialist family, but instead of being a society girl, she went on to study history at Oxford, before developing a fascination with Arabia and archaeology, visiting the area several times and frequently embarking on digs, such as one in 1909 at Carchemish, ruins found on the Syrian-Turkish border, where she first met Lawrence of Arabia and 'intimidated' him with her intelligence and ability to speak Arabic 'better than him'."


Letters from Baghdad is a documentary where actor Tilda Swinton reads letters written by the diplomat, explorer, archeologist, and even spy during WWI, who, along with T.E. Lawrence, helped to shape modern Middle East.


https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-astonishing-tale-of-the-queen-of-the-desert-gbwkt5pgz

Queen of the Desert film (2015) is "a chronicle of Gertrude Bell's life, a traveler, writer, archaeologist, explorer, cartographer, and political attaché for the British Empire at the dawn of the twentieth century.  Directed by Werner Herzog

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1837636/

Her biographer Georgina Howell deemed that " the heart of Bell's life: her frustrated love affair with married soldier and administrator Dick Doughty-Wylie, killed in the Dardanelles in 1915."

But, says journalist Rachel Aspden, "modern readers are more likely to be puzzled by her lack of interest in Bell's fraught, and fascinating, political legacy."

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/03/biography.features




































Thursday, April 13, 2017

WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: HEDY LAMARR



Heddy Lamarr was a very beautiful woman.  She was born in Vienna, Europe, but after she succeeded in cinema, used to live in Los Angeles, where she stayed far from Hollywood parties and scandals.

https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNaturePage/videos/1020445288087729/

https://www.famousscientists.org/hedy-lamarr/








Friday, April 7, 2017

WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA



"Hypatia(born c. 355 ce—died March 415, Alexandria)

mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who lived in a very turbulent era in Alexandria’s history. She is the earliest female mathematician of whose life and work reasonably detailed knowledge exists.

Hypatia was the daughter of Theon of Alexandria, himself a mathematician and astronomer and the last attested member of the Alexandrian Museum. Theon is best remembered for the part he played in the preservation of Euclid’s Elements, but he also wrote extensively, commenting on Ptolemy’s Almagest and Handy Tables. Hypatia continued his program, which was essentially a determined effort to preserve the Greek mathematical and astronomical heritage in extremely difficult times. She is credited with commentaries on Apollonius of Perga’s Conics (geometry) and Diophantus of Alexandria’s Arithmetic (number theory), as well as an astronomical table (possibly a revised version of Book III of her father’s commentary on the Almagest). These works, the only ones she is listed as having written, have been lost, although there have been attempts to reconstruct aspects of them. In producing her commentaries on Apollonius and Diophantus, she was pushing the program initiated by her father into more recent and more difficult areas.
She was, in her time, the world’s leading mathematician and astronomer, the only woman for whom such claim can be made. She was also a popular teacher and lecturer on philosophical topics of a less-specialist nature, attracting many loyal students and large audiences. Her philosophy was Neoplatonist and was thus seen as “pagan” at a time of bitter religious conflict between Christians (both orthodox and “heretical”), Jews, and pagans. Her Neoplatonism was concerned with the approach to the One, an underlying reality partially accessible via the human power of abstraction from the Platonic forms, themselves abstractions from the world of everyday reality. Her philosophy also led her to embrace a life of dedicated virginity.
An early manifestation of the religious divide of the time was the razing of the Serapeum, the temple of the Greco-Egyptian god Serapis, by Theophilus, Alexandria’s bishop until his death in 412 ce. This event was perhaps the final end of the great Library of Alexandria, since the Serapeum may have contained some of the Library’s books. Theophilus, however, was friendly with Synesius, an ardent admirer and pupil of Hypatia, so she was not herself affected by this development but was permitted to pursue her intellectual endeavours unimpeded. With the deaths of Synesius and Theophilus and the accession of Cyril to the bishopric of Alexandria, however, this climate of tolerance lapsed, and shortly afterward Hypatia became the victim of a particularly brutal murder at the hands of a gang of Christian zealots. It remains a matter of vigorous debate how much the guilt of this atrocity is Cyril’s, but the affair made Hypatia a powerful feminist symbol and a figure of affirmation for intellectual endeavour in the face of ignorant prejudice. Her intellectual accomplishments alone were quite sufficient to merit the preservation and respect of her name, but sadly, the manner of her death added to it an even greater emphasis."

Thursday, April 6, 2017

WOMEN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD: FIRST FEMALE MP IN BRITAIN



http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2017/04/06/00/3EF8F35100000578-4384314-Pioneer_Viscountess_Astor_the_first_woman_to_sit_in_Parliament_a-a-3_1491433277473.jpg
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2017/04/06/00/3EF8F35100000578-4384314-Pioneer_Viscountess_Astor_the_first_woman_to_sit_in_Parliament_a-a-3_1491433277473.jpg

Pioneer: Viscountess Astor the first woman to sit in Parliament as an MP, photographed in 1919. At the height of their influence, the Astors were one of the five great American dynasties with the Rockefellers, Vanderbilts, Carnegies and Mellons

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-4384314/120-years-Girls-Pearls.html#ixzz4dVnsv9pa